Hybrid ultrasonic transducer for the characterization of rail head defects
Nondestructive characterization of planar defects using laser-generated ultrasonic shear waves
Doppler-based airborne ultrasound for detecting surface discontinuities on a moving target
Real-time processing of continuous doppler signals for high-speed monitoring of rail tracks
The use of narrowband low frequency air-coupled transducers for high speed detection of broken rails
High-speed monitoring of surface defects in rail tracks using ultrasonic Doppler effect