Structure and crack growth in gas pipes of medium-density and high-density polyethylene

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Structure and crack growth in gas pipes of medium-density and high-density polyethylene

Tränkner, T. / Hedenqvist, M. / Gedde, U.W.

The microstructure and resistance to slow crack growth of two commercial polyethylene pipe materials were studied. Differential scanning calorimetry, small-angle X-ray scattering, and transmission electron microscopy were used to reveal the crystallite thickness and width distributions and the size of the lamellar stacks. The resistance to slow crack growth was assessed by uniaxial constant loading of notched specimens and by hydrostatic pressure testing of notched and unnotched pipes. The high-density material contained roof-lamellae, suggestive of a segregation of low molar mass species. Notched uniaxial testing revealed large differences in slow crack growth-resistance between the two PEs despite the fact that the average tie-chain concentration was similar. Hence, low molar mass segregation, which was found to be higher for the high-density material, definitely decreases the resistance to slow crack growth, and 15 times faster than that achieved in conventional unnotched pressure testing. Failure time extrapolations from higher temperatures to 20 deg C were made, using a multiple linear regression method (SEM-Q1), the Arrhenius equation, and the universal shift-functions to investigate their applicability. The extrapolations resulted in longer life times compared with experimental data, regardless of the method used. The SEM-Q1 method (lower-confidence-limit data) gave the best fit to the 20 deg C experimental data followed by the Arrhenius equation.