This paper proposes from fundamental mechanics that the specific energy (E/M) absorpton characteristics of motorcycles and scooters in frontal impacts are similar where the primary load path is through the front wheel and fork assembly. Examination of 43 barrier test results for 14 different model types of motorcycle and scooter over the impact speed range from 10 km/h to 76 km/h shows that the specific energy versus wheelbase shortening characteristics are similar and that a single specific collision energy (E/M) regression eguation with its associated statistical distribution (r2 = 0.845) can be used to represent the motorcycle and scooter populations in frontal impact for wheelbase shortening up to 0.45 m where the front-fork and front-wheel assemblies remain intact, albeit deformed. Data from 31 staged tests where motorcycles or scooters impacted stationary cars at 90 deg are used to obtain the energy absorption characteristics of the side of cars subject to frontal motorcycle or scooter impact. These two regressions are used to estimate collision energy Eca from the permanent deformation or penetration depth of the collision partners, which, when substituted into the standard impact energy loss equation with the appropriate collision partner masses, yields an estimation of collision speed Vccs. This procedure for calculating collision closing speed Vccs is validated against 13 staged tests (six 90 deg impacts against stationary cars and seven angled impacts at angles up to 45 deg from the normal, four of which were against moving cars) and shows that the predicted Vccs speeds bound the actual speeds with a standard deviation of 11.2 km/h for collision closing speeds up to 122 km/h.
Motorcycle-to-car and scooter-to-car collisions: speed estimation from permanent deformation
Motorrad-Pkw- und Motorroller-Pkw-Kollisionen: Geschwindigkeitsabschätzung aufgrund bleibender Verformungen
2009
20 Seiten, 16 Bilder, 9 Tabellen, 29 Quellen
Article (Journal)
English
Anwendung im Fahrzeugbau , Motorrad , Motorroller , Personenkraftwagen , bleibende Verformung , Energieabsorption , Eindringtiefe , Energieverlust , Unfallanalyse , Fahrzeugdynamik , Fahrzeug-Fahrzeug-Zusammenstoß , Frontalzusammenstoß , Frontaufprall , Aufprallgeschwindigkeit , Radstand , Vorderrad , Fahrzeugzusammenstoßtest
Motorcycle-to-car and scooter-to-car collisions: speed estimation from permanent deformation
SAGE Publications | 2009
|Motorcycle-to-car and scooter-to-car collisions: speed estimation from permanent deformation
Online Contents | 2009
|Motorcycle-to-car and scooter-to-car collisions: speed estimation from permanent deformation
Automotive engineering | 2009
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