Der Bericht behandelt die Verwendung von Biomasse als Energielieferant für den Verkehr in Bezug auf die nationale Klimastrategie und die EU-Richtlinien. Als Brennstoffe kommen Alkohole, Biodiesel und Biogas in Frage. Sie müssen für alle Fahrzeugtypen brauchbar sein und den künftigen EU-Richtlinien entsprechen. Alle heute verfügbaren Biokraftstoffe sind ohne steuerliche Aneize unwirtschaftlich. Die EU-Biokraftstoff-Richtlinie gibt als freiwilliges Ziel einen Anteil von 5,75 % im Jahre 2010 vor, entsprechend 17 - 18 Mio t/a Biokraftstoffe. Heute werden in Europa 1,5 Mio t/a Ethanol und Biodiesel aus Feldfrüchten produziert. Es wäre günstiger, diese Brennstoffe aus Holz und Müll-Biomasse zu erzeugen. Dafür entstehen in Europa erste Pilotanlagen. Es werden verschiedene Alternativen für Finnland vorgeschlagen. Bis zum Jahr 2010 könnte in Finnland maximal ein Anteil am gesamten Kraftstoffverbrauch von 3 % an Biokraftstoffen und 0,5 % an Erdgas erreicht werden. Auf Grund der finnischen Rohstoffquellen könnte in Finnland mehr Biokraftstoff verbraucht als produziert werden

One of the key goals of the EU.s energy and environment policy is to promote the utilisation of renewable energy sources in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to improve the security of fuel supply. The main renewable energy source is biomass, which can be utilised in heat and power production and as transportation fuel. Biomass utilisation as transportation fuel is the main topic of this publication. The aim of the study was to produce background information on biomass-based transportation fuels for the Finnish authorities to update the national climate strategy and define the national policy in implementing the new EU Biofuel Directive on the promotion of the use of biofuels for transportation. Most biofuels . like bioalcohols, biodiesel and biogas . can be used as fuel additives or as fuels as such. At the broadest, fuel grades should apply to the whole vehicle base. Biofuels will have to fulfil current and future directives and standards, which presents clear constraints on their utilisation. The current biofuel options are not economically feasible without supporting measures from the authorities, like tax relief. The Biofuel Directive presents an indicative target share of 5.75% in 2010 for the exploitation of biomass-based road transportation fuels in the EU, which corresponds to a biofuel utilisation of about 17.18 Mtoe/a. In 2003, about 1.5 million oil equivalent tons of bioethanol and biodiesel was produced in the EU. Wood-and waste-derived liquid or gaseous transportation fuels could be produced more cost-effectively than the current commercial ones. New production technologies are under development in several countries, and the first demo plants will start up in the near future. In the publication, technological development options are presented for Finland. The potential to utilise biomass-based fuels in the Finnish transportation sector were evaluated to be larger than the potential to produce them from indigenous raw ma- terials. In Finland, the maximum share of biomass-based fuels produced from indigenous raw materials could be 3% of total fuel consumption in road transportation in 2010 and the share of natural gas could be 0.5% in different production scenarios.