Effect of Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> additive in positive electrodes on the performance of sealed lead-acid cells for electric scooter applications

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Effect of Na₂SO₄ additive in positive electrodes on the performance of sealed lead-acid cells for electric scooter applications

Chen, Jenn-Shing

This study investigated the effects of Na₂SO₄ additive in the positive electrode on the performance of sealed lead-acid cells. The additive Na₂SO₄ in the cured plates can reduce the 4BS crystal size, which produces a smaller alpha -PbO₂ and beta -PbO₂ crystal size in the formed plates, which will have a larger surface area. The plate's chemical composition is independent of the amount of Na₂SO₄ additive in the positive electrodes. Plate composition relies only on the cure temperature conditions. Increasing amounts of Na₂SO₄ additive to the positive electrode will not decrease the crystal size appreciably. The optimal amount of Na₂SO₄ additive is 0.01-0.05 M, which produces the smallest crystal size and largest specific surface area. Cells with Na₂SO₄ additive in the positive plates have a smaller surface area, causing a higher initial capacity and average capacity per cycle for both testing methods: the standard cycle testing and the electric scooter (ES) driving pattern cycle testing. The initial capacity acid average capacity can be increased up to 4% in the standard cycle testing and up to 8% in the ES driving pattern cycle testing.