The following chapter treats orbital debris as an environmental issue that poses a threat to sustainability of outer space due to the so-called Kessler effect, a chain reaction causing small debris to tear apart large objects in a cascading event. Proposing to elaborate on the concept of responsibility for orbital debris removal and look for analogies in climate change law, it shifts focus from the material damage which was caused to a space object to outer space pollution as such. It argues that orbital debris pollution requires a cosmopolitan framework, embodied in the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR). Cosmopolitanism is understood with regard to Kant’s concept of ius cosmopoliticum as the foundation for global society; Kant speaks about humankind entering a universal community in which if one violates laws in a certain part of the world, this violation is experienced everywhere. In reference to Kant’s categorical imperative, the chapter elaborates on Burke’s “global categorical imperative” that puts actions of international actors into the perspective of their global causalities and consequences. Orbital debris – a series of actions with global consequences – is interpreted as “a technology of the end of the world” (Lindberg S, Technologies of the end of the world. In: Schuback, MSC, Lindberg S (eds) The end of the world: contemporary philosophy and art. Future perfect: images of the time to come in philosophy, politics and cultural studies. Rowman & Littlefield International, 2017), a technology with the potential to annihilate certain elements of the Earth and its orbit. The chapter argues that just like the invention of the atomic bomb, the rise of technologies and actions contributing to climate change and orbital debris pollution has to be assessed from a cosmopolitan perspective, taking into account both intergenerational and intragenerational equity, the rights of current, and future generations. In this regard, the CBDR principle – stretching responsibility across space and time – is described as the embodiment of cosmopolitanism.