Abstract Pedestrian accidents are an important aspect of vehicle safety in Europe and throughout the world. Therefore, various countries have already passed statutory regulations on pedestrian protection for vehicles. These mainly focus on assessing passive protection measures. Furthermore the installation of a brake assist system as an active safety system is prescribed in European pedestrian protection legislation. This is because of the significant benefit by reducing the collision speed in pedestrian accidents which was proven in studies with real-world accident data. In future, further active measures will significantly contribute to protect pedestrians because with these technologies it is possible to avoid collisions or mitigate their severity. Combining the active and passive safety technologies to an integrated safety approach will be the most important development objective for further reductions of accidents and casualties in the next years. This chapter provides an overview of active pedestrian protection systems and the new challenges faced when developing these systems. At the beginning, an international comparison of pedestrian accidents and the results of analyzing an in-depth accident database are presented. In the next step, current pedestrian protection measures in the field of infrastructure and passive safety are described. The active safety systems mainly consist of environment sensor systems, functional algorithms, and actuating elements. For each of these components selected, realizations will be shown and discussed for their employment in active pedestrian safety systems. A whole system functionality is created by combining these single modules. In this context, two main system strategies have to be distinguished: on the one hand, system strategies that autonomously engage into the driving situation and on the other hand system strategies that draw the driver’s attention to a dangerous situation by presenting a warning. In addition to the development tools new methods for the system test and the benefit calculation have to be engineered. These new tools and test setups will also be presented.