Abstract Design of multiple-input/multiple-output vibration experiments, such as impedance matched multi-axis testing and multi-shaker testing, rely on a force estimation calculation which is typically executed using a direct inverse approach. Force estimation can be performed multiple ways, each method providing some different tradeoff between response accuracy and input forces. Additionally, there are ways to improve the numerics of the problem with regularization techniques which can reduce errors incurred from poor conditioning of the system frequency response matrix. This paper explores several different force estimation methods and compares several regularization approaches using a simple multiple-input/multiple-output dynamic system, demonstrating the effects on the predicted inputs and responses.


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