Small satellites are opening up new remote sensing applications and changing the economics of space. Small spacecraft missions are more affordable, have shorter development times, and are more flexible than traditional satellite markets. There has been a rapid evolution and diversification of technologies, and new business cases are being tested within the small satellite industry. The application of small satellites and constellations to Earth observation has arguably made the greatest impact, transforming our understanding of Earth, our ability to monitor the environment, and our capacity to address targeted scientific questions in a rapid and more affordable manner. Although many spacecraft utilize “off-the-shelf” components and instruments to perform remote sensing observations, there are technical challenges for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and hyperspectral imaging on small satellites, as well as limited launch opportunities, growing space debris, Earth observation policies, and communication frequency allocations among other constraints. This chapter provides an overview of satellite developments and constellations for remote sensing or Earth observation applications. The aim is to review current small satellite systems and innovations and to discuss developments in small satellite applications related to remote sensing with a special focus on small satellite constellations.
Remote Sensing Applications and Innovations via Small Satellite Constellations
Handbook of Small Satellites ; Chapter : 44 ; 767-797
2020-09-13
31 pages
Article/Chapter (Book)
Electronic Resource
English
Constellation , CubeSat , Department of Defense (DoD) , Defense Weather Satellite System (DWSS) , Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) , Earth observation , Earth Observing System (EOS) , European Space Agency (ESA) , German Space Agency (DLR) , International Charter for Space and Major Disasters , Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) , Meteorological satellites , Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) , Microsatellite , Nanosatellite , NASA , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) , National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) , NewSpace , OSCAR (Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio) , Remote sensing , Sensors , Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. (SSTL) Physics , Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics) , Aerospace Technology and Astronautics , Communications Engineering, Networks , Monitoring/Environmental Analysis , Physics and Astronomy
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