Material demand still rises on a global level, which leads to a variety of environmental impacts. This trend is not expected to change in the near future. However, the use of more varied materials is essential for economic development. The environmental impacts of these increasing material applications in quantity and variety do not leave supply risks untouched. On the one hand, the environmental impacts of material use can lead to supply risks, as sourcing countries might not be willing to deteriorate their environment to supply other countries with raw materials. On the other hand, the environmental impacts of material extraction and processing can be in conflict with environmental goals and policies that a country that purchases these materials has. Both of these aspects contribute to environmental criticality, as they render a trade relationship less stable. This thesis aims to improve existing methods to assess the environmental effects of abiotic raw material use that can affect criticality. Therefore, within this thesis a revised criticality assessment was developed that can be applied to a world region (the EU) based on the SCARCE method (previously applied to Germany). Within criticality assessment the weighting and aggregation of indicators is a challenge. Therefore, a new aggregation approach for the environmental dimension of criticality assessment was developed by monetizing the environmental impacts. This modification is building on a review paper that analyzed all currently used monetization methods in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on quantitative and qualitative level. Two methods to quantify environmental costs by monetizing LCA results were developed that can be used to measure environmental criticality. One method considered the environmental categories in the method SCARCE. The second method monetized all ReCiPe impact categories that address human health and terrestrial ecosystems. To apply the developed methods, two case studies were conducted to assess environmental costs of i) global material production and ii) the EU’s low-carbon development. The damages for the EU’s low-carbon development range from €13.1 billion to €74.8 billion, with €38.9 billion as the medium estimate per year. The results showed that especially the material demand of the mobility transition contributes to environmental criticality. For global material production, the environmental costs range from €0.4 trillion/yr (low) to €5 trillion/yr (high). The materials with the largest cost contribution were energy carriers (33%-60%), iron (12%-20%), aluminum (5%-8%) and thus materials that are used for basic functions in the daily life. Both methods show where the environmental impacts lie with country resolution. They can be further used, developed and modified to investigate how material extraction and its environmental impacts affect overall economic activity and human wellbeing, but also how they might affect the stability of a trade relationship. The methods are thus a first step to identify measures that can reduce environmental impacts of raw material extraction and processing with the intention to stabilize trade relationships in the long run.