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    Basic Understanding of Airfoil Characteristics at Low Reynolds Numbers ( 10 4 – 10 5 )

    Basic Understanding of Airfoil Characteristics at Low Reynolds Numbers ( 10 4 – 10 5 )


    A computational study has been conducted on various airfoils to simulate flows at Reynolds numbers ( R e ) primarily between 10 4 and 10 5 to provide understanding and guidance for MAV and other low-Reynolds-number designs. The computational fluid dynamics tool used in this study is a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solver with a Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model and a correlation-based laminar–turbulent boundary-layer transition model. The airfoils investigated in this study include NACA 0009, NACA 0012 (conventional and reversed configuration), Clark-Y, flat plate airfoils (1, 3, and 5% thickness), and thin cambered plates (3, 6, and 9% camber). Airfoils were examined for lift and drag performance as well as surface pressure and flow field characteristics. In general, it is observed that below the Reynolds number of 10 6 , lift and drag characteristics for most airfoils cannot be assumed to be constant with the Reynolds number. Below the Reynolds number of 10 5 , cambered plate airfoils are shown to have better lift and drag characteristics than thick conventional airfoils with rounded-leading edges. Flat plate performance is generally invariant to the Reynolds number, but performance improves as thickness is decreased for a given Reynolds number.

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    Title :

    Basic Understanding of Airfoil Characteristics at Low Reynolds Numbers ( 10 4 – 10 5 )

    Contributors:
    Winslow, Justin (author) / Otsuka, Hikaru (author) / Govindarajan, Bharath (author) / Chopra, Inderjit (author)
    Published in:

    Journal of Aircraft ; 55 , 3 ; 1050-1061

    Publication date :

    2017-12-13

    Size :

    12 pages

    ISSN :

    0021-8669 , 1533-3868

    DOI :

    https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C034415

    Type of media :

    Article (Journal)

    Type of material :

    Electronic Resource

    Language :

    English

    Keywords :

    Freestream Mach Number , Symmetric Airfoil , Airfoil Geometry , Laminar Turbulent Transition , Lift to Drag Ratio , Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes , Detached Eddy Simulation , Micro Air Vehicle , Spalart Allmaras Turbulence Model , Aerodynamic Efficiency

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