An automobile HVAC system with CO2 as the refrigerant

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An automobile HVAC system with CO2 as the refrigerant

Hafner, A. / Pettersen, J. / Skaugen, G. / Neska, P.

The natural refrigerant carbon dioxide (CO2) offers new possibilities for design of flexible, efficient and environmentally safe mobile air conditioning systems. As high-efficiency car engines with less waste heat are developed, extra heating of the passenger compartment is needed in cold season. A reversible transcritical CO2 system with gliding temperature heat rejection can give high air delivery temperature and rapid defogging or defrosting of the windows. Energy recovery from the passenger-compartment exhaust air can be used to improve the overall efficiency of the HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning) system. The compactness of a CO2 system is especially important to obtain a low total weight of the heating and cooling circuit. Another possible application for this type of system is in electric cars. In order to save energy, the warm side of the system can be used for heating the passenger compartment air, while the cold side cools the motor, battery, and power electronics. Simulated performance results indicate that the proposed new CO2 HVAC system is a competitive total solution for modern vehicles, with high COP and sufficient heating and cooling capacity at all climatic conditions.