Lithium-ion: état de Part

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Lithium-ion: état de Part

Tessard, Romain / Perrin, Marion

Today energy needs are increasing. This energy must be mobile through EV or portable electronics. Thus, energy density is a major criterion. Lithium-ion technology is far more energetic than lead or nickel batteries. But behind the appellation "Lithium-ion" resides in fact a wide range of technologies, each one having its benefits and its drawbacks. Some of them are more dedicated to high energy and shorter life like LCO. Some others focus on EV market which key-requirements are safety, cycle life and cost. For such applications, LFP technology matches the needs, as some specific NMC ones. For longer application use, like in stationary energy storage systems, LTO technology is more suitable, as some specific LFP. Based on its conception and materials, lithium-ion battery cannot be as safe as wished. A special care is mandatory when choosing a cell for an application, based on electrodes' technology, manufacturing processes and BMS (battery management system). Finally, the lithium-ion battery world is a fast moving one. Huge investments have been done during the last years to reach the estimated demand for EVs. But this demand is not yet here, so the market has too much production capacity compared to the present market needs. This situation is leading in a cost cut-down on lithium-ion batteries. The 2020 price estimation is about 300 €/kWh, forecasting better days for EVs.