NDT of Kissing bond in aeronautical structures

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NDT of Kissing bond in aeronautical structures

Marty, P.N. / Desai, N. / Andersson, J.

The lack of accurate methods for detecting kissing bonds is one of the reasons that prevent the larger use of adhesive bonding in the aeronautical industry. The main problem with kissing bonds is that their real nature is not well understood. By kissing bonds, one often describes a range of defects, which do not fit into any other better-defined category of defect. They represent disbonds with the two faces touching in some way. This paper details a study carried out by CSM Materialteknik on the detectability of kissing bonds in adhesive joints and titanium diffusion bonds. Aluminium-epoxy-aluminium kissing bonds have been artificially manufactured following a procedure that firstly respects the standard way of bonding metal to metal at Saab AB, and secondly that respects the basic requirements for qualifying a kissing bond, e.g. adhesion failure under very low stress compared to the nominal stress. The manufacturing procedure is presented. Other kissing bonds produced with electrically releasing epoxy and also titanium diffusion bonds contaminated locally with oxygen have also been used. Different NDT techniques have been assessed such as Thermography, Shearography, NonLinear Ultrasonics, Classical Ultrasonics and Ultrasonic Resonance Spectroscopy (URS).