Trade Policies and Sea and Air Freight : The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Imports and Exports

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Trade Policies and Sea and Air Freight : The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Imports and Exports

Majune, Socrates

This study analyzes how Indonesia's international trade was affected by its own lockdown policies (domestic) and those of its trading partners (external) in response to COVID-19. The study differentiates between sea freight and air freight, as well as products affected by specific non-tariff measures. Event-study results show that the decline in imports (which were more negatively affected than exports) was mainly attributed to external lockdowns, the impacts of which were more pronounced and persistent for imports entering Indonesia by air (due to restrictions to international travel) and imports subject to port-related non-tariff measures. Domestic lockdowns adversely affected intermediate imports subject to non-tariff measures requiring physical inspection, testing, and approval processes. External lockdowns, which also had a larger impact on exports relative to domestic policies, affected sea and air exports evenly. Demand factors (specifically, workplace closures and stay-at-home orders) in the partner countries were the drivers of the decline in exports. Enhancing trade facilitation to keep goods moving as smoothly as possible, reforming specific non-tariff measures, and improving customs and other procedures would ensure fewer disruptions from shocks in a globally integrated world

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Dokumentinformationen

Titel :

Trade Policies and Sea and Air Freight : The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Imports and Exports

Beteiligte:

Majune, Socrates (Autor:in) / Montfaucon, Angella Faith

Erscheinungsdatum :

2023

Format / Umfang :

1 Online-Ressource (48 pages)

Anmerkungen:

Campusweiter Zugriff (Universität Hannover).- Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Keine Weitergabe an Dritte. Kein systematisches Downloaden durch Robots.

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10271

Medientyp :

Buch

Format :

Elektronische Ressource

Sprache :

Englisch

Schlagwörter :

Trade Policy , Lockdown Policies , Non-Tariff Measures , Trade , Transport , Sea Cargo , Pandemic International Trade , International Economics and Trade , COVID-19 Impact on Exports , Lockdown Impact , Air Cargo , Imports , Export Competitiveness