The paper gives an overview about challenges and related activities for Active Noise and Vibration Control in Aerospace industry and in particular within EADS (European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company). In Europe the ACARE group representing European aircraft industry set very ambitious goals within the ACARE vision 2020 for noise and emissions reduction of transport aircrafts. It is discussed how active noise reduction technologies can help to achieve these goals. Major examples of current activities are active systems for turbofan noise reduction in particular by active noise control and active stator using novel (radial) mode control techniques. Furthermore a new concept for active control of turbulence induced vibrations by adaptive feed-forward control is presented which improves the ride comfort but also reduces dynamic loads and can therefore contribute to lower aircraft weight and improved aircraft efficiency. Interior noise and vibration reduction is also an important topic in particular for helicopters and propeller driven transport aircraft. In general passive solutions are preferred due to the system complexity of active solutions. However, active technologies can provide often a better performance to weight ratio or can by other means improve the overall performance. This is in particularly true if the rotor speed must be variable for performance reasons. For helicopters work on active control of structural response for reduction of low frequency vibrations and active isolation system for high frequency gear-meshing tones are presented. In addition the active rotor concept with active flaps at the rotor blade and the related control problem is discussed in some detail. The active rotor can be used in various ways and provides exterior noise reduction, vibration reduction in the cabin as well as improved performance. Finally possible space applications and related work on launcher payload vibration isolation and control of micro-vibrations in satellites are discussed shortly.