Railway traffic very often represents an important source of noise and vibrations in the neighborhood of the railway infrastructures and inside the nearest buildings. The time and frequency behavior of the produced noise and vibration levels is related to the trains features (mainly type, composition and speed), propagation medium and path. In this paper well analyze the results of simultaneous measurements of noise and vibration levels produced by trains pass-by in the neighborhood of railway infrastructures, for different train types, speeds and distances from the railway line axis. An 1/3 of octave and FFT (at different frequency resolutions) time-frequency analysis have been performed on the experimental data in order to study the correlation between noise and vibration patterns, contemporarily recognizing extraneous interfering events. As seen, the above analysis allow us to accurately characterize the time and frequency features of noise and vibration emission due to trains pass-by. In particular it makes easy to identify the main noise and vibrations sources occurring during the pass-by (locomotive, wagon, etc) and the emission characteristic of each of them, in the same time identifying 'atypical' events. The contemporary analysis of noise and track vibrations spectrogram also gives a simple technique to value the importance of track contribution to overall noise level by means of noise and vibration spectrogram comparison. Finally, vibrations measurements at different location from the track, during pass-by, help us to characterize ground surface transmission properties in the neighbourhood of source. All this interesting features, combined with a relatively simple practical application, make this analysis technique suitable, with appropriate adaptations, to be used as well as in monitoring activity, also in exterior noise type testing procedures as those contained in pr EN ISO 3095/1.