Tribological evaluation of low sulfur automotive diesel in the presence of specific types of acid derivatives

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Tribological evaluation of low sulfur automotive diesel in the presence of specific types of acid derivatives

Karonis, D. / Anastopoulos, G. / Lois, E. / Kalligeros, S. / Zannikos, F.

This paper assesses the impact of three acetoacetates and seventeen esters of mono and di-carboxylic acids, on the lubrication properties of low sulfur diesel fuels. All types of acid derivatives were dissolved in the base fuels at five different concentrations of 50, 100, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm. Tribological experiments were carried out on the HFRR test rig, according to the CEC F-06-A-96 method. The obtained wear results showed that the addition of mono and dicarboxylic acid esters at concentrations 500 ppm to 750 ppm resulted in significantly decreasing the wear scar diameter values of the base fuels. Concentration levels of additives that were below 500 ppm had no effect on the fuel lubricity, while those higher than 750 ppm did not lead to any significant increase in lubricity. In the case of acetoacetates only two of the three acetoacetic esters used, provided satisfactory mean wear scar diameter (WS 1.4) of less than 460 micro m, at the concentration level of 750 ppm or higher.