Sodium-sulfur battery development for electric vehicle and stationary energy storage applications

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Sodium-sulfur battery development for electric vehicle and stationary energy storage applications

Harlow, R.A. / McClanahan, M.L.

The DOE/Ford Aerospace/Ford program for developing sodium-sulfur batteries for electric vehicle and stationary energy storage applications has demonstrated very rapid technical progress. Stationary energy storage activities have concentrated on designing, fabricating,and testing a 512 cell, 100 kW-hr battery. Over 98 % of the cells met their initial performance goals, and the battery continues in operation after a year. High-energy cells, designed for utility weekend charging or to sustain fluctuations in renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, have also been designed, fabricated, and tested with very good results. Advances in electric vehicle cell development have included very high peak power capability with a recharge capability of less than 30 min. Efforts in electric vehicle battery development also included powering a small utility vehicle with a 14.4 kW-hr battery consisting of 52 Mark-II load-leveling cells. The 450 lb sodium-sulfur battery (not optimized for this applciation) resulted in more than five times the range of the 250 lb lead-acid battery.