The influence of the ocean-atmosphere interface on the radiance distribution in both the ocean and atmosphere is investigated. At visible wavelengths in the real ocean just below the surface, the downwelling radiance is a maximum within the critical angle and drops off by 1 or 2 orders of magnitude toward the horizon. The usual explanation that this is due to the sky radiation concentrated within the critical angle and the total internal reflection of the weak upward radiance at the ocean surface at angles outside the critical angle is too simplistic. There ar two other important factors: (1) the atmosphere must have sufficient optical thickness so that appreciable sky (multiple scattered) radiation develops at all angles in the downward direction; (2) the water must have appreciable absorption so that the upwelling radiance just below the ocean surface is only a small fraction of the downwelling radiance entering the ocean.
Ocean-atmosphere interface: its influence on radiation
Ozean-Atmosphere Grenzflaeche: Ihr Einfluss auf die Strahlung
Applied Optics ; 20 , 6 ; 917-931
1981
15 Seiten, 22 Bilder, 3 Tabellen, 12 Quellen
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Englisch
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