Survey of Solid Rocket Propulsion in Russia

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Survey of Solid Rocket Propulsion in Russia

Lipanov, Alexey M. / Zarko, Vladimir E.

Abstract A short survey of development of solid propellants and solid rockets in Russia till the beginning of the twenty-first century is presented. The design solutions are considered which were used in development of ballistic missiles (field, tactical, mid-range, and intercontinental), as well as of other rockets like surface-to-air, air-to-air, sea, and antitank. The problems and accomplishments are considered concerning the justification of expediency and possibility of application of solid-propellant rockets. These works resulted in the creation of the theory of intra-chamber processes, including experimental and theoretical studies of processes of solid-propellant combustion and ablation of thermal protection coverings (insulating liners) of internal surfaces of solid motors and nozzles. Upon development of solid-propellant rockets, different automated systems have been employed: for design of elements of rocket as a whole, for processing experimental information, and for planning scientific and technological experiments. Development of novel design rockets was carried out in different Research and Development and Technological organizations of Russia. Practically all plants for production of solid propellants and manufacturing the motor cases and nozzles were established in the second half of the twentieth century. The exceptions are the plants which dealt with the volley fire rocket systems (Katyusha). Not everything could be discussed in this survey because design details of propellant charges and motors, as well as data on solid-propellant formulations, are not available in open literature.