Expanding the scope of bogie performance detectors

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Expanding the scope of bogie performance detectors

Liu, T. / Bladon, P. / D'Aoust, D.

The development and deployment over the last decade of wayside bogie condition monitoring systems have enabled significant advances for the safety and efficiency of operations. A multitude of systems employing various non-contact technologies have been developed to focus on specific bogie components such as wheel profile, journal bearings, springs, brake blocks, internal wheel defects, wheel flats, internal axle defects, etc. By focusing on a specific bogie component, these systems greatly enhance depot inspections made by railway personnel. In fact, most of these systems could be installed on low speed track near a depot, as the condition of the bogie component evaluated does not change with speed. However, these component-specific systems cannot provide a holistic evaluation of whether the bogie is performing as intended, which requires an optimized wheel-rail interface at all speeds. The early Bogie Performance Detectors (BPD) attempted to provide an evaluation of a bogie by measuring the rail lateral forces and L/V in curves, at track speed. The modern optical based BPD overcomes the inherent limitations of the force-based systems by directly measuring the key parameters to evaluate the wheel-rail interface, namely the wheelset Angle of Attack and Tracking Position, as well as the lateral dynamic stability of each bogie (Hunting), to provide an accurate and holistic understanding. This paper discusses how BPD information can be used to identify wheelsets and bogies that will experience degenerative/accelerated wheel wear early in the process, to break the cycle of repeated premature wheelset replacement, as well as repeated replacements of non-causal components. Advances in the identification of derailment-level risks will also be discussed. This paper also discusses how recent advances of BPD data analysis is improving the understanding of bogie geometry and bogie hunting, and how this is being used to target specific wheel wear and specific failed bogie components, and remedy specific wear regimes on the rail infrastructure.