Finite element analysis of periodic ripple formation under rigid wheels

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Finite element analysis of periodic ripple formation under rigid wheels

Ozaki, Shingo / Hinata, Kosuke / Senatore, Carmine / Iagnemma, Karl

Highlights • The capability of FEM for the analysis of periodic ripple formation was shown under relatively low slippage. • The generation mechanism of periodic ripples was revealed. • The hypothesis for the periodicity of ripple formation was provided. • The impact on multi-pass effect caused by periodic ripple formation was shown.

Abstract In recent years, various numerical simulation methods have been applied to vehicle terrain interaction problems. In this study, the formation of periodic ripples under a rigid wheel was investigated within the framework of finite element (FE) analysis. First, the capability of FEM to analyze periodic ripple formation was demonstrated under relatively low slippage. Then, a hypothesis for the generation mechanism of periodic ripples was provided: periodic ripples are formed under conditions in which clear local failure zones occur and soil is translated vertically via wheel shear deformation action. Furthermore, the characteristics of ripple periodicity (i.e. ripple pitch and period) were discussed. It was also revealed that ripple formation has an impact on the multi-pass scenario for lightweight small vehicles.