Highlights • A conceptual framework is developed to measure the degree of network governance formation in TOD. • A conceptual framework is developed to measure the degree of network governance formation in TOD. • In-depth interviews with various stakeholders from representative institutions. • The strategic planning tools for TOD implementation has been partially available. • The network governance has not established sufficient rules of the networks.

Abstract Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is a complex concept, involving multi-interests and multi-sectors, to integrate the transit and land use system. Issues of governance may emerge due to unclear regulatory frameworks to manage those interests and sectors. In Indonesia, TOD concept has just recently been adopted and the legal basis for planning and implementation is incomplete. In such a situation, hypothetically, interactions among stakeholders may occur regarding matters that have not yet been regulated. An informal network may result from this interaction, called network governance. This study analyzes network governance formation among stakeholders, adopting the four strategic planning tools of TOD. The case study utilized is the development of TOD along the MRT Jakarta Phase 1 corridor. Methodologically, the study uses a qualitative approach based on in-depth interviews with 22 interviewees representing 13 relevant institutions. The study finds that, although a regulatory framework existed, at least in part, there were gaps in the operational guidelines, which caused a divergence of perceptions. Consequently, network governance arose, although concerted and collaborative action had not yet occurred. The stakeholders pointed out the need for a lead organization to oversee their interactions. This study also mapped out the network and identified potential lead organizations at subnational and system level. However, the potential organizations do not have sufficient authority to deal with both the spatial and the transit issues of TOD.