Highlights We propose a new approach to calculate time-dependent, vehicle-specific exposure tolls in large-scale urban settings. Computations are performed for three policies: an exposure toll, a flat emission toll, and a regulatory measure. The exposure toll yields potential conflicts between local and global air pollution mitigation. The flat emission toll is less effective in terms of exposure costs reduction. The regulatory measure reduces exposure costs caused by urban travelers, but yields losses in user benefits.
Abstract This paper proposes a new approach to iteratively calculate local air pollution exposure tolls in large-scale urban settings by taking the exposure times and locations of individuals into consideration. It explicitly avoids detailed air pollution concentration calculations and is therefore characterized by little data requirements, reasonable computation times for iterative calculations, and open-source compatibility. In a first step, the paper shows how to derive time-dependent vehicle-specific exposure tolls in an agent-based model. It closes the circle from the polluting entity, to the receiving entity, to damage costs, to tolls, and back to the behavioral change of the polluting entity. In a second step, the approach is applied to a large-scale real-world scenario of the Munich metropolitan area in Germany. Changes in emission levels, exposure costs, and user benefits are calculated. These figures are compared to a flat emission toll, and to a regulatory measure (a speed reduction in the inner city), respectively. The results indicate that the flat emission toll reduces overall emissions more significantly than the exposure toll, but its exposure cost reductions are rather small. For the exposure toll, overall emissions increase for freight traffic which implies a potential conflict between pricing schemes to optimize local emission exposure and others to abate climate change. Regarding the mitigation of exposure costs caused by urban travelers, the regulatory measure is found to be an effective strategy, but it implies losses in user benefits.
Pricing local emission exposure of road traffic: An agent-based approach
2015-01-01
15 pages
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
Pricing local emission exposure of road traffic: An agent-based approach
Online Contents | 2015
|Traffic congestion and road pricing
SLUB | 2013
|Road Pricing for Freight Traffic
British Library Conference Proceedings | 1992
|Traffic Assignment, Traffic Control and Road Pricing
British Library Conference Proceedings | 1993
|Congestion, Traffic Management and Road Pricing
British Library Conference Proceedings | 1993
|