Highlights • Safety effectiveness of red-light cameras was evaluated using Empirical Bayes technique. • Spatial spillover effects of RLCs were examined on an aggregate level. • There was a significant reduction in angle and left-turn crashes. • A significant increase in rear-end crashes on target approaches. • Spill-over effect was found on non-RLC intersections in the proximity of the treated sites.

Abstract Red light cameras may have a demonstrable impact on reducing the frequency of red light running violations; however, their effect on the overall safety at intersections is still up for debate. This paper examined the safety impacts of Red Light Cameras (RLCs) on traffic crashes at signalized intersections using the Empirical Bayes (EB) method. Data were obtained from the Florida Department of Transportation for twenty-five RLC equipped intersections in Orange County, Florida. Additional fifty intersections that remained with no photo enforcement in the vicinity of the treated sites were collected to examine the spillover effects on the same corridors. The safety evaluation was performed at three main levels; only target approaches where RLCs were installed, all approaches on RLC intersections, and non-RLC intersections located on the same travel corridors as the camera equipped intersections. Moreover, the spatial spillover effects of RLCs were also examined on an aggregate level to evaluate the safety impacts on driver behavior at a regional scale. The results from this study indicated that there was a consistent significant reduction in angle and left-turn crashes and a significant increase in rear-end crashes on target approaches, in addition, the magnitude and the direction of these effects, to a lesser degree, were found similar on the whole intersection. Similar trends in shift of crash types were spilled-over to non-RLC intersections in the proximity of the treated sites. On an aggregate county level, there was a moderate spillover benefits with a notable crash migration to the boundary of the county.